Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) elicits the activation of both astrocytes and
microglia. This review is focused on the principal features that characterize the activation of …

Interleukin-6, an inflammatory cytokine, is characterized by pleiotropy and redundancy of
action. Apart from its hematologic, immune, and hepatic effects, it has many endocrine and …

Proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to impair cognition; consequently, immune
activity in the central nervous system was considered detrimental to cognitive function …

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is probably the most intensively studied virus in
the history of biomedical research. A large number of distinct isolates have been cloned and …

Transcription factors provide the link between early membrane-proximal signalling events
and changes in gene expression. NF-kB is one of the best-characterized transcription …

This review describes the contribution of noncytolytic mechanisms to the control of viral
infections with a particular emphasis on the role of cytokines in these processes. It has long …

Background and Purpose Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine that
rapidly upregulates in the brain after injury. The present study was designed to explore the …

The role of inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases is not well
understood. The neurotoxic effects of cytokines could be mediated by immunostimulation of …

We determined incidence and future projections of dementia after AIDS onset in 492
homosexual men with AIDS in the Baltimore/Los Angeles sites of the Multicenter AIDS …

Cytokines are a heterogeneous group of polypeptide mediators that have been aswciakd
classically wlth activation of the lmmune system and inflammatory responses. An incmasing …