This study investigated the long-term antihypertensive effects of esaxerenone, a novel
nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, alone or in combination with a calcium …

Methods We have conducted an open observational study of the use of spironolactone 25–
50 mg in the management of patients with resistant hypertension. This drug was …

Objective: Both renal denervation (RDN) and spironolactone have been proposed for the
treatment of resistant hypertension. However, they have not been compared in a …

Obesity is a chronic, relapsing medical condition that results from an imbalance of energy
expenditure and consumption. It is a leading cause of preventable illness, disability and …

Spironolactone was first developed over 50 years ago as a potent mineralocorticoid receptor
(MR) antagonist with undesirable side effects; it was followed a decade ago by eplerenone …

Resistant hypertension affects an estimated 10–15 million American adults and is increasing
in prevalence. The etiology of resistant hypertension is almost always multifactorial …

The conventional antihypertensive therapies including renin–angiotensin–aldosterone
system antagonists (converting enzyme inhibitors, receptor blockers, renin inhibitors, and …

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are commonly used to reduce blood
pressure, left-ventricular hypertrophy, and urinary albumin excretion in patients with …

934 logically elevated aldosterone levels may result from autonomous hormone production
as seen with adrenal hyperplasia or an adrenal adenoma (primary hyperaldosteronism) or …

Introduction: Diuretics enhance the renal excretion of Na+ and water due to a direct action at
different tubular sites of the nephron where solute re-absorption occurs. Areas covered: This …