Anatomic concepts of the paranasal sinuses have been known since the late nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries. 1 These have assumed greater significance in recent times due to …

Knowledge of anatomy and its variations is the key to safe and efficient surgery. The
endoscopic endonasal route to the sella has evolved to become the preferred route to …

Background Accessory maxillary ostium (AMO) has a major role to play in the aetiology of
maxillary sinusitis. Mucosal thickening is one of the key radiographic features of chronic …

Multiple anatomical variants were encountered during a cone beam computed tomography
(CBCT) study of the nasal cavity of a 43-year-old male patient. These were mostly related to …

Background Middle turbinate (MT) is one of the important anatomical and physiological
structures of the nasal cavity. After the widespread use of nasal endoscope and paranasal …

Paranasal sinuses located in the bones surrounding the nasal cavity are called maxillary,
ethmoid, frontal and sphenoid sinuses. In relation with their location, these sinuses …

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between variations of the lateral
wall of the nasal cavity and septal deviation (SD). Coronal and axial paranasal sinus CT …

The pneumatizations surrounding the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) and closely related to the
sphenopalatine foramen are anatomically variable. During the assessment of a cone beam …

Introduction and importance Duplication of the middle turbinate is an extremely rare
condition encountered in rhinology clinic. Knowledge and awareness of the nasal turbinates' …

The external nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses represent key structures whose
normal functions may be impaired by several variations and diseases of the upper …