Macrophages exist in various tissues, several body cavities, and around mucosal surfaces
and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens …

Immunotherapy is regarded as the most promising treatment for cancers. Various cancer
immunotherapies, including adoptive cellular immunotherapy, tumor vaccines, antibodies …

Adoptive cell therapy with genetically modified T cells has generated exciting outcomes in
hematologic malignancies, but its application to solid tumors has proven challenging. This …

In the last decade, Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as a
promising immunotherapeutic approach to fight cancers. This approach consists of …

Cancer development and progression occurs in concert with alterations in the surrounding
stroma. Cancer cells can functionally sculpt their microenvironment through the secretion of …

Immunosenescence is a process of immune dysfunction that occurs with age and includes
remodeling of lymphoid organs, leading to changes in the immune function of the elderly …

Tumor metastasis is a major contributor to the death of cancer patients. It is driven not only
by the intrinsic alterations in tumor cells, but also by the implicated cross-talk between …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor in the digestive system whose incidence and
mortality is high-ranking among tumors worldwide. The initiation and progression of CRC is …

The most immune cells infiltrating tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor‐associated
macrophages (TAMs) closely resemble immunosuppressive M2‐polarized macrophages …

In cancer-immunity cycle, the immune checkpoint PD1 and its ligand PDL1 act as
accomplices to help tumors resist to immunity-induced apoptosis and promote tumor …