Most free-living bacteria can attach to surfaces and aggregate to grow into multicellular
communities encased in extracellular polymeric substances called biofilms. Biofilms are …

Bacteria can form biofilms in natural and clinical environments on both biotic and abiotic
surfaces. The bacterial aggregates embedded in biofilms are formed by their own produced …

Biofilms in water environments are thought to be hot spots for horizontal gene transfer (HGT)
of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). ARGs can be spread via HGT, though mechanisms …

Biofilms are microbial communities embedded within an extracellular matrix, forming a
highly organized structure that causes many human infections. Dental caries (tooth decay) is …

Due to the continuous rise in biofilm‐related infections, biofilms seriously threaten human
health. The formation of biofilms makes conventional antibiotics ineffective and dampens …

Foot infections are the main disabling complication in patients with diabetes mellitus. These
infections can lead to lower-limb amputation, increasing mortality and decreasing the quality …

The success of total joint replacements has led to consistent growth in the use of arthroplasty
in progressively younger patients. However, more than 10 percent of patients require …

Fatty acids (FAs) have emerged as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics. Since
many microbes respond differently to a variety of natural and synthetic FAs, substantial …

A biofilm is a community of stable microorganisms encapsulated in an extracellular matrix
produced by themselves. Many types of microorganisms that are found on living hosts or in …

The bubbling community of microorganisms, consisting of diverse colonies encased in a self-
produced protective matrix and playing an essential role in the persistence of infection and …