Constantly growing body of evidence suggests that hallmarks of oxidative stress are present
in various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Technological advantages in cell …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with motor and mood disorders, likely
influenced by reactive microgliosis and subsequent neural damage. We have recapitulated …

HIV-1 transactivating protein Tat is neurotoxic and is believed to play a role in the
development of AIDS-associated dementia complex. Neurotoxicity of Tat may be associated …

O-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA) is an isomer of chlorogenic acid, which has been shown to
regulate lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor production in microglia. Whereas …

Tat is a major regulatory protein encoded by human immunodeficiency viral genome, which
has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV infection, including neurologic complications …

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is an increasingly common, progressive
disease characterized by neuronal loss and progressively deteriorating CNS function. HIV-1 …

HIV‐1 patients who abuse opiate‐based drugs, including heroin and morphine, are at a
higher risk of developing HIV dementia. The effects of opiates are mediated predominantly …

In mammals, 17 β-estradiol (E2), the primary endogenous estrogen, maintains normal
central nervous system (CNS) function throughout life and influences brain responses to …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) is a viral protein
that induces extensive neuroinflammation by up‐regulating proinflammatory mediators …

HIV-1 Tat causes extensive neuroinflammation that may progress to AIDS-related
encephalitis and dementia. Celastrol possesses various biological activities such as anti …