Despite the rapidly increasing incidence of HIV infection worldwide and the increasing
prevalence of HIVassociated cognitive impairment, even in patients adequately treated with …

Tat protein released from HIV-infected blood-borne leukocytes can contribute to the
breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and induction of inflammatory responses and …

Tat (Trans-activator of transcription) is implicated in the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1
infection and known to contribute to neuronal damage and learning and memory …

HIV encephalopathy covers a range of HIV-1-related brain dysfunction. In the Central
Nervous System (CNS), it is largely impervious to Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy …

Microglia are critical for the pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia not only by acting as
conduits of viral entry but also as reservoirs for productive and latent virus infection, and as …

HIV epidemic continues to be a severe public health problem and concern within USA and
across the globe with about 33 million people infected with HIV. The frequency of drug …

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain prevalent even with widespread
use of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), suggesting a potential role for co-morbidities …

Microglia are a major neuroglial component of the CNS, playing an important role as
resident immunocompetent and phagocytic cells in the CNS in the event of injury and …

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors which down‐
regulate inflammatory signaling pathways. Therefore, we hypothesized that alterations of …

The activity of HIV-1 and its viral proteins within the central nervous system (CNS) is
responsible for a wide array of neuropathological effects, resulting in a spectrum of …