Artemisinin (ART) was initially described for the control of inflammation and pain. However,
the mechanisms involved with its antinociceptive effect are still poorly understood. Thus, this …

Previous studies have suggested that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) regulates the transforming
growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/phosphorylated Smad2/3 (pSmad2/3) pathway. Moreover …

Previous reports show that moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) poses a risk factor for
developing neuropathic pain following adult-onset peripheral nerve injury in male rats …

Introduction Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is a very common type of joint injury. It occurred with
high incidence among general population and especially among individuals participating …

Introduction Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP) is one of the main adverse
effects of chemotherapy treatment. At the spinal level, CINP modulation involves glial cells …

Background Clinical studies show that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) results in effects that
persist into adulthood. Experimental animal models of moderate PAE demonstrate that …

Background The cellular and molecular pathophysiological mecha\nisms of pain processing
in neglected parasitic infections such as leishmaniasis remain unknown. The present study …

Dimorphic traits, shaped by both natural and sexual selection, ensure optimal fitness and
survival of the organism. This includes neuronal circuits that are largely affected by different …

Astrocytes, once thought to be passive cells merely filling the space between neurons in the
nervous system, are receiving attention as active modulators of the brain and spinal cord …

Introduction: The choice of the proper intrathecal drug to treat neuropathic pain has been
subject to much debate in recent years. Areas Covered: Currently, the United States Food …