The three-dimensional printing (3DP) also known as the additive manufacturing (AM), a
novel and futuristic technology that facilitates the printing of multiscale, biomimetic, intricate …

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a rapidly growing field aiming to create a biofunctional
tissue that can integrate and degrade in vivo to treat diseased or damaged tissue. It has …

Stimuli‐responsive polymers (SRPs) are special types of soft materials, which have been
extensively used for developing flexible actuators, soft robots, wearable devices, sensors …

The development of programmable functional biomaterials makes 4D printing add a new
dimension, time (t), based on 3D structures (x, y, z), therefore, 4D printed constructs could …

Nature's material systems during evolution have developed the ability to respond and adapt
to environmental stimuli through the generation of complex structures capable of varying …

Porous titanium implants were popularly fabricated to promote bone formation. A desirable
porous scaffold was recommended to be with porosity of> 60% or/and pore size of> 300 μm …

Design an implant similar to the human bone is one of the critical problems in bone tissue
engineering. Metal porous scaffolds have good prospects in bone tissue replacement due to …

In the contemporary era, novel manufacturing technologies like additive manufacturing (AM)
have revolutionized the different engineering sectors including biomedical, aerospace …

Novel tissue regeneration strategies are constantly being developed worldwide. Research
on bone regeneration is noteworthy, as many promising new approaches have been …

Silk fibroin has become a prominent material in tissue engineering (TE) over the last 20
years with almost 10,000 published works spanning in all the TE applications, from skeleton …