Analysis of zoogeographic, paleogeographic, and molecular data has shown that the
ancestors of many fresh-and brackish-water cold-tolerant hydrobionts of the Mediterranean …

Understanding how introduced species succeed and become widely distributed within non‐
native areas is critical to reduce the threats posed by them. Our goal was to reconstruct the …

The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is an important model system for the
study of parallel evolution in the wild, having repeatedly colonized and adapted to …

Genome sequencing enables answering fundamental questions about the genetic basis of
adaptation, population structure and epigenetic mechanisms. Yet, we usually need a …

Parallelism, the evolution of similar traits in populations diversifying in similar conditions,
provides strong evidence of adaptation by natural selection. Many studies of parallelism …

The Gasterosteidae fish family hosts several species that are important models for eco-
evolutionary, genetic, and genomic research. In particular, a wealth of genetic and genomic …

The amphi‐boreal faunal element comprises closely related species and conspecific
populations with vicarious distributions in the North Atlantic and North Pacific basins. It …

The annual timing of reproduction is a key life history trait with a large effect on fitness.
Populations often vary in the timing and duration of reproduction to adapt to different …

Ecological speciation can sometimes rapidly generate reproductively isolated populations
coexisting in sympatry, but the origin of genetic variation permitting this is rarely known. We …

Population genetic theory predicts that small effective population sizes (N e) and restricted
gene flow limit the potential for local adaptation. In particular, the probability of evolving …