I introduce three scenarios for the evolution of conspicuous coloration associated with
unpalatability in prey animals, based on the ways in which selection for the two character …

It is widely argued that defended prey have tended to evolve conspicuous traits because
predators more readily learn to avoid defended prey when they are conspicuous. However …

Many prey species use colourful 'aposematic'signalling to advertise the fact that they are
toxic. Some recent studies have shown that the brightness of aposematic displays correlates …

Deals with all aspects of adaptive resemblance Full colour Covers everything from classic
examples of Batesian, Mullerian, aggressive and sexual mimicries through to human …

We explore the relevance of honest signalling theory to the evolution of aposematism. We
begin with a general consideration of models of signal stability, with a focus on the Zahavian …

This review identifies four receiver psychology perspectives that are likely to be important in
the design and evolution of warning signals. Three of these perspectives (phobia, learning …

Aposematism is one of the great mysteries of evolutionary biology. The evolution of
aposematic coloration is poorly understood, but even less understood is the evolution of …

1. Females of Chlosyne lacinia (Geyer)(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Melitaenae), the
bordered patch butterfly, clump eggs in a few large clusters on their host plant, Helianthus …

Many insect species form aggregations in either the larval or adult stage. The evolution of
gregariousness in insects may seem disadvantageous because aggregations are easily …

It is difficult to imagine how warning colours evolve in unpalatable prey. Firstly, novel
warningly coloured variants gain no protection from their colours, since predators have not …