Obesity and overweight are among the most significant global health challenges that affect
both developed and developing countries, leading to various chronic diseases. Previous …

ABSTRACT HPV can trigger cancer cases in the laryngeal, lung, oral, and anogenital.
Classification of HPV based on the ability to trigger cancer, HPV is divided into two types …

Immune response that occurs when a pathogen such as a virus, fungus, bacteria, &
protozoa. Red color due to swelling is a characteristic of inflammation, this condition can …

Cancer is one of the diseases that is the highest cause of death in humans. Most human
cancer cells are formed as a result of over-expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. Thus, the …

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that plays an important role in the occurrence of
cervical cancer. The HPV gene is composed of two parts: early and late gene. The L1 …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from the retrovirus family can trigger
opportunistic diseases of the immune system or AIDS. In these conditions the immune …

SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused pandemic disease since the end of 2019. Virus transmission
occurs through droplet and infects the host's respiratory tract rapidly. Viral propagation …

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites because they can infect cells and hijack the gene
expression process in host cells for the replication of viral genetic material. The mechanism …

Diabetes is caused by many factors such as hyperglycemia conditions, it triggers type 1 and
2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia was triggered by the inhibition of glucose absorption of cells and …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has a higher infectious nature than HIV-2
because of the genetic drift mechanism. Several HIV-1 strains such as A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H …