Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by alteration of critical pathways such TP53
inactivation, BRAF, PI3CA mutations, APC inactivation, KRAS, TGF-β, CTNNB mutations …

In the context of personalized oncology, screening for somatic tumor mutations is crucial for
prediction of an individual patient's response to therapy. Massive parallel sequencing (MPS) …

MicroRNAs (miRs) have been recognized as promising biomarkers. It is unknown to what
extent tumor-derived miRs are differentially expressed between primary colorectal cancers …

Molecular characterization of breast cancer is pivotal for identifying new molecular targets
and determining the appropriate treatment choices. Advances in molecular profiling …

Many questions remain however unanswered and new challenges appear. Intratumor
heterogeneity emerges as a brake to personalized cancer care. Relevant targets remain …

Background Tailoring treatment strategies to individual patients requires the availability of
reliable biomarkers. Despite important investment in biomarker research, few examples of …

We define a companion diagnostics (CDx) 5 test as any diagnostic tool that guides the
selection of patient treatment. In the US, these tests include diagnostics cleared by the Food …

Personalised oncology through mutational profiling of cancers requires the procurement of
fresh frozen tumour samples for genomics applications. While primary cancers are often …

Background Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is generally based on
genetic testing performed in primary tumor biopsies, but whether the genomic status of …

Grossing breast specimens presents a unique challenge in the anatomic pathology
laboratory, because the approach varies with the type of specimen received, the …