The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor for arterial respiratory gases O2
and CO2 and pH, eliciting reflex ventilatory, cardiovascular, and humoral responses to …

Repetitive OSA-induced hypoxemia and hypercapnia elicit reflex changes in both
sympathetic and parasympathetic activation. 19, 20 These autonomic derangements, with …

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension are closely linked conditions. Disordered
breathing events in OSA are characterized by increasing efforts against an occluded airway …

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is defined as episodes of hypopnea or apnea, which leads to
a partial or complete block of airways. Hypertension, on the other hand, is defined as an …

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common complication of pregnancy, resulting in a fetus
that fails to reach its genetically determined growth potential. Whilst the fetal cardiovascular …

Embryo/fetal nutrition and the environment in the reproductive tract influence the subsequent
risk of developing adult diseases and disorders, as formulated in the Barker hypothesis …

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) consists of sleep-related repetitive obstructions of upper
airways that generate episodes of recurrent or intermittent hypoxia (IH). OSA commonly …

Introduction Hypertension is a common cardiovascular disease at present. Uncontrolled
blood pressure leads to further complications including heart attack, stroke and chronic …

Animal studies have demonstrated an increase in BP with repeated upper airway closure
and intermittent hypoxia. 25–28 Studies of human subjects have demonstrated increased …

The sympathetic nervous system represents a fundamental homeostatic system that exerts
considerable control over blood pressure and the distribution of blood flow. This process has …