Background Various techniques have been employed for the early detection of perioperative
cerebral ischaemia and hypoxia. Cerebral near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is increasingly …

Acute hypobaric hypoxia (HH) is a major physiological threat during high-altitude flight and
operations. In military aviation, although hypoxia-related fatalities are rare, incidences are …

Broad band near-infrared (NIR) light sources have great potential, eg, in optical
communication and non-invasive medical imaging. Here we report the optical properties of …

The use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been increasingly adopted in cardiac
surgery to measure regional cerebral oxygen saturation. This method takes advantage of the …

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers non-invasive, in-vivo, real-time monitoring of tissue
oxygenation. Changes in regional tissue oxygenation as detected by NIRS may reflect the …

Oxygen is a vital source of energy necessary to sustain and complete embryonic
development. Not only is oxygen the driving force for many cellular functions and …

Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) refers to a unique collection of neuro-
ophthalmic clinical and imaging findings observed in astronauts after long-duration …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), defined as an alteration in brain functions caused by an external
force, is responsible for high morbidity and mortality around the world. It is important to …

The assessment and monitoring of the tissue perfusion is extremely important in critical
conditions involving circulatory shock. There is a wide range of established methods for the …

The standard of clinical care in many pediatric and neonatal neurocritical care units involves
continuous monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics using hard-wired devices that physically …