It is well established that estrogens affect neuroplasticity in a number of brain regions. In
particular, estrogens modulate and mediate spine and synapse formation as well as …

Females have historically been disregarded in memory research, including the thousands of
studies examining roles for the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, and amygdala in …

Daily calorie restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) enhance longevity and cognition but
the effects and mechanisms that differentiate these two paradigms are unknown. We …

Prevalence of mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar
disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are increasing at alarming rates in our societies …

Evidence from human and animal studies suggests that high-energy diets impair cognitive
function. However, the conditions for such impairments are unclear as studies have differed …

In recent years, a growing body of research has shown sex differences in the prevalence
and symptomatology of psychopathologies, such as depression, anxiety, and fear-related …

In this perspective article, we reflect on the recent debate about the existence of human
neurogenesis and discuss direct, and also indirect, support for the ongoing formation, and …

Background Recent studies show that gender may have a significant impact on brain
functions. However, the reports of sex effects on spatial ability and synaptic plasticity in …

Learning that certain cues or environments predict threat enhances survival by promoting
appropriate fear and the resulting defensive responses. Adapting to changing stimulus …

Single‐housed stress elicits a range of social isolation‐related behavioral and
neurobiological abnormalities. To investigate single housing‐induced behavioral changes …