Background: Since publication of the 2012 Berlin definition of acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS), several developments have supported the need for an expansion of the …

Background: This document updates previously published Clinical Practice Guidelines for
the management of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), incorporating …

Introduction Excessive activity of neutrophil elastase (NE), the main enzyme present in
azurophil granules in the neutrophil cytoplasm, may cause tissue injury and remodeling in …

Large seasonal outbreaks of bronchiolitis put pressure on healthcare systems and
particularly on intensive care units (ICUs). ICU admission is necessary to provide respiratory …

Importance Among patients receiving mechanical ventilation, tidal volumes with each breath
are often constant or similar. This may lead to ventilator-induced lung injury by altering or …

Purpose Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) can be used to
support patients with refractory acute respiratory failure, though guidance on patient …

Background Even more than hospital care in general, intensive care and mechanical
ventilation capacities and its utilization in terms of rates, indications, ventilation types and …

Side effects of mechanical ventilation, such as ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction
(VIDD) and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), occur frequently in critically ill patients …

Background Awake prone positioning (APP) of non-intubated patients with acute
hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF) has been inconsistently adopted into routine care of …

In the recent ESICM guidelines on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [1], the group of
experts was “unable to make a recommendation for or against routine PEEP titration with …