The surprising discovery that the diatomic gas nitric oxide (NO) is generated by mammalian
cells and serves to regulate a multitude of physiological processes has continued to …

Voltage-gated calcium channels are required for many key functions in the body. In this
review, the different subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels are described and their …

Cells interpret a variety of signals through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and
stimulate the generation of second messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate …

The L-type Cav1. 2 calcium channel is present throughout the animal kingdom and is
essential for some aspects of CNS function, cardiac and smooth muscle contractility …

Unique to striated muscle cells, transverse tubules (t-tubules) are membrane organelles that
consist of sarcolemma penetrating into the myocyte interior, forming a highly branched and …

L‐type calcium channels (Cav1) represent one of the three major classes (Cav1–3) of
voltage‐gated calcium channels. They were identified as the target of clinically used calcium …

Heart failure, or congestive heart failure, is a condition in which the heart cannot supply the
body's tissues with enough blood. The result is a cascade of changes that lead to severe …

Background—Congenital long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is a primary arrhythmogenic syndrome
stemming from perturbed cardiac repolarization. LQTS, which affects≈ 1 in 3000 persons, is …

The adenylyl cyclases are variously regulated by G protein subunits, a number of
serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases, and Ca2+. In some physiological situations …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases regulate cAMP-mediated signaling by controlling
intracellular cAMP content. The cAMP-hydrolyzing activity of several families of cyclic …