From an evolutionary perspective keratan sulfate (KS) is the newest glycosaminoglycan
(GAG) but the least understood. KS is a sophisticated molecule with a diverse structure, and …

Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) results in a glial reaction, leading eventually to
the formation of a glial scar. In this environment, axon regeneration fails, and remyelination …

Lecticans are a family of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, encompassing aggrecan,
versican, neurocan and brevican. These proteoglycans are characterized by the presence of …

Research of the past 25 years has shown that astrocytes do more than participating and
building up the blood-brain barrier and detoxify the active synapse by reuptake of …

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CS-PGs) expressed by reactive astrocytes may
contribute to the axon growth-inhibitory environment of the injured CNS. The specific …

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the changes in the expression of the axon
growth-inhibitory chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs). CSPGs represent a varied …

The sulfonation (also known as sulfurylation) of biomolecules has long been known to take
place in a variety of organisms, from prokaryotes to multicellular species, and new biological …

Axon regeneration is arrested in the injured central nervous system (CNS) by axon growth‐
inhibitory ligands expressed in oligodendrocytes/myelin, NG2‐glia, and reactive astrocytes …

We previously observed that the cortical neuronal cell adhesion mediated by midkine (MK),
a heparin (Hep)-binding growth factor, is specifically inhibited by oversulfated chondroitin …

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains endow extracellular matrix proteoglycans with
diversity and complexity based upon the length, composition and charge distribution of the …