The endothelium is considered to be the gatekeeper of the vessel wall, maintaining and
regulating vascular integrity. In patients with chronic kidney disease, protective endothelial …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is projected to become a leading global cause of death by
2040, and its early detection is critical for effective and timely management. The current …

Background Ageing traits and frailty are important health issues in modern medicine.
Evidence supporting the causal effects of tobacco smoking on various ageing traits is …

Renal fibrosis (RF) is the common pathological manifestation of virtually all chronic kidney
diseases (CKD) and one of the major causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but the …

Background Previous epidemiological and other studies have shown an association
between major depressive disorder (MDD) and migraine. However, the causal relationship …

Rationale & Objective The incidence of kidney failure is known to increase with age. We
have previously developed and validated the use of retinal age based on fundus images as …

The correlation between obesity and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has not yet
been fully established. The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship …

Interleukins (ILs), key cytokine family of inflammatory response, are closely associated with
kidney function. However, the causal effect of various ILs on kidney function needs further …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was responsible for 1.2 million deaths globally in 2016.
Despite the large and growing burden of CKD, treatment options are limited and generally …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to affect almost 10% of individuals worldwide
and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Renal fibrosis, a central pathway …