Although there is a consistent literature documenting that vagal cardioinhibitory pathways
support homeostatic functions, another less frequently cited literature implicates vagal …

Gut microbiota plays a critical role in physiological regulation throughout life and is
specifically modified to meet the demands of individual life stages and during pregnancy …

The central nervous system (CNS) influences the immune system generally by regulating
the systemic concentration of humoral substances (eg, cortisol and epinephrine), whereas …

Background Prenatal fluoride exposure can have adverse effects on children's development;
however, associations with visual and cardiac autonomic nervous system functioning are …

Background: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is known as a critical regulatory system
for pregnancy-induced adaptations. If it fails to function, life-threatening pregnancy …

This is an evaluative review of the field of prenatal substance exposure, with a focus on
neurobiological and behavioral outcomes from infancy to young adulthood. We provide an …

Research on respiratory sinus arrhythmia, or high-frequency heart rate variability (its
frequency-domain equivalent), has been popular in psychology and the behavioral sciences …

Maternal stress can shape long-term child neurodevelopment beginning in utero. One
mechanism by which stress is transmitted from mothers to their offspring is via alterations in …

Preterm birth significantly increases the risk of developing various long-term health
problems and developmental disabilities. While touch is a crucial component of many …

Background Enactivism and active inference are two important concepts in the field of
osteopathy. While enactivism emphasizes the role of the body and the environment in …