Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as pain during the menstrual cycle in the absence of an
identifiable cause. It is one of the most common causes of pelvic pain in women …

Objectives We systemically reviewed the literature to assess how long-term testosterone
suppressing gender-affirming hormone therapy influenced lean body mass (LBM), muscular …

Introduction Estrogens used in women's healthcare have been associated with increased
risks of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and breast cancer. Estetrol (E4), an estrogen …

Objective To assess the effect on hemostasis parameters of a new combined oral
contraceptive (COC). Study design In this randomized, single centre, open-label, exploratory …

Objective To compare between different combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs) as part
of the update of the International Evidence-Based Guidelines on the Assessment and …

Background Venous thromboses are well‐established complications of hormonal therapy.
Thrombosis risk is seen with both hormonal contraceptive agents and with hormone …

Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects more than 1 in 10 women. Objective As
part of the 2023 International PCOS Guidelines update, comparisons between combined …

PCOS is a complex, multifaceted disorder, and should be diagnosed and treated in
adolescents after taking into consideration the patient's full diagnostic picture, metabolic …

Importance Meta-analyses have reported conflicting data on the safety of hormonal
contraception, but the quality of evidence for the associations between hormonal …

There is a disparity in sport-related injuries between sexes, with females sustaining non-
contact musculoskeletal injuries at a higher rate. Anterior cruciate ligament ruptures are …