Abstract The Weddell Gyre (WG) is one of the main oceanographic features of the Southern
Ocean south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current which plays an influential role in global …

Global overturning circulation is driven by density differences. Saline water rejected during
sea-ice formation in polynyas is the main source of dense water, and thus sea-ice …

Abstract Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is pivotal for oceanic heat and carbon
sequestrations on multidecadal to millennial timescales. The Weddell Sea contributes nearly …

Abstract Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), which fills the global ocean abyss, is derived from
dense water that forms in several distinct Antarctic shelf regions. Previous modeling studies …

The oceans are traversed by a large-scale overturning circulation, essential for the climate
system as it sets the rate at which the deep ocean interacts with the atmosphere. The main …

The overturning circulation of the global ocean is critically shaped by deep-ocean mixing,
which transforms cold waters sinking at high latitudes into warmer, shallower waters. The …

Open-ocean polynyas formed over the Maud Rise, in the Weddell Sea, during the winters of
2016–2017. Such polynyas are rare events in the Southern Ocean and are associated with …

Offshore Antarctic polynyas—large openings in the winter sea ice cover—are thought to be
maintained by a rapid ventilation of deep-ocean heat through convective mixing. These rare …

Abstract Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is a major component of the global overturning
circulation, originating around the Antarctic continental margin. In recent decades AABW has …

Abstract The Weddell Sea is susceptible to the ongoing climate change and experiences a
reduction in an overall increase in the sea-ice extent (SIE). The nature of sea-ice in the …