Allometry refers to the size-related changes of morphological traits and remains an essential
concept for the study of evolution and development. This review is the first systematic …

Increasingly, data on shape are analysed in combination with molecular genetic or
ecological information, so that tools for geometric morphometric analysis are required …

Approximately two decades after the first pioneering analyses, the study of shape asymmetry
with the methods of geometric morphometrics has matured and is a burgeoning field. New …

Although most studies on integration and modularity have focused on variation among
individuals within populations or species, this is not the only level of variation for which …

Modularity is now generally recognized as a fundamental feature of organisms, one that may
have profound consequences for evolution. Modularity has recently become a major focus of …

Phenotypic integration is a pervasive characteristic of organisms. Numerous analyses have
demonstrated that patterns of phenotypic integration are conserved across large clades, but …

Quantifying integration and modularity of evolutionary changes in morphometric traits is
crucial for understanding how organismal shapes evolve. For this purpose, comparative …

An important aspect of geometric morphometrics, since its beginnings, has been the
visualization of shape changes. A range of methods has been developed with advances in …

Morphological traits have long been a focus of evolutionary developmental biology ('evo-
devo'), but new methods for quantifying shape variation are opening unprecedented …

Geometric morphometrics—a set of methods for the statistical analysis of shape once
saluted as a revolutionary advancement in the analysis of morphology—is now mature and …