Dry powder inhalation therapy has been effective in treating localized lung diseases such
asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), cystic fibrosis and lung infections …

Mucus layers (McLs) are on the front line of the human defense system that protect us from
foreign abiotic/biotic particles (eg, airborne virus SARS-CoV-2) and lubricates our organs …

In vitro dissolution and permeability testing aid the simulation of the in vivo behavior of
inhalation drug products. Although the regulatory bodies have specific guidelines for the …

Scientific progress and ethical considerations are increasingly shifting the toxicological
focus from in vivo animal models to in vitro studies utilizing physiologically relevant cell …

The Calu-3 cell line has been largely investigated as a physiological and pharmacological
model of the airway epithelial barrier. Its suitability for prediction of drug permeability across …

Diallyl disulfide (DADS), an oil-soluble sulfur compound that is responsible for the biological
effects of garlic, displays numerous biological activities, among which its anti-cancer …

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) can induce persistent inflammatory damage to the tracheal
mucosa of poultry and cause chronic respiratory diseases in chickens. To further investigate …

Despite high global vaccination coverage, Newcastle disease (ND) remains a constant
threat to poultry producers owing to low antibody levels. Given the respiratory mucosa is the …

Rifampicin is one of the key drugs used to treat tuberculosis and is currently used orally. The
use of higher oral doses of rifampicin is desired for better therapeutic efficacy, but this is …

Inflammatory lung disorders have become one of the fastest growing global healthcare
concerns, with more than 500 million annual cases of disorders such as chronic obstructive …