Despite efforts in prevention and intensive care, trauma and subsequent sepsis are still
associated with a high mortality rate. Traumatic injury remains the main cause of death in …

Hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in both civilian and battlefield trauma. Survival rates
increase when victims requiring immediate intervention are correctly identified in a mass …

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a unique and important brain region
involved in the control of cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and other physiological functions …

In part I of this study, we found that the classical studies on vasovagal syncope, conducted in
fit young subjects, overstated vasodilatation as the dominant hypotensive mechanism. Since …

Selye defined stress as the nonspecific response of the body to any demand. Stressors elicit
both pituitary-adrenocortical and sympathoadrenomedullary responses. One can test …

The vasovagal response is the development of inappropriate cardiac slowing and arteriolar
dilatation. Vasovagal responses reflect autonomic neural changes: bradycardia results from …

Exposure to hostile conditions initiates the secretion of several hormones, including
corticosterone/cortisol, catecholamines, prolactin, oxytocin, and renin, as part of the survival …

Monitoring of continuous blood pressure and cardiac output is important to prevent
hypoperfusion and to guide fluid administration, but only few patients receive such …

Objectives: To assess a protocol for treatment of sting anaphylaxis. Design: Prospective
assessment of treatment with oxygen, intravenous infusion of adrenaline (epinephrine), and …

It is now well accepted that the sympathetic nervous system responds to specific afferent
stimuli in a unique non‐uniform fashion. The means by which the brain transforms the …