This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet—including its structure, cell composition,
development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key …

For the past century, insulin injections have saved millions of lives, but glycemic instability is
still a persistent challenge for people with diabetes, leading to tremendous morbidity and …

Summary Three-dimensional (3D) chromatin organization maps help dissect cell-type-
specific gene regulatory programs. Furthermore, 3D chromatin maps contribute to …

Postnatal maintenance or regeneration of pancreatic beta cells is considered to occur
exclusively via the replication of existing beta cells, but clinically meaningful restoration of …

Generation of surrogate cells with stable functional identities is crucial for developing cell-
based therapies. Efforts to produce insulin-secreting replacement cells to treat diabetes …

Aims/hypothesis Pancreatic beta cell dedifferentiation, transdifferentiation into other islet
cells and apoptosis have been implicated in beta cell failure in type 2 diabetes, although the …

Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease affecting increasing numbers of patients
worldwide. Progression to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is characterized by the loss …

Recent reports identified activation of the GABA signaling pathway as a means to induce
transdifferentiation of pancreatic α cells into β cells. These reports followed several previous …

The generation of pancreatic cell types from renewable cell sources holds promise for cell
replacement therapies for diabetes. Although most effort has focused on generating …

The islet of Langerhans plays a key role in glucose homeostasis through regulated secretion
of the hormones insulin and glucagon. Islet research has focused on the insulin‐secreting β …