Over the last years, respiratory diseases represent a clinical concern, being included among
the leading causes of death in the world due to the lack of effective lung therapies, mainly …

Inflammation is intimately related to the pathogenesis of numerous acute and chronic
diseases like cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and …

The delivery of drugs, antigens, and imaging agents benefits from using nanotechnology-
based carriers. The successful translation of nanoformulations to the clinic involves thorough …

Abstract Cell secreted exosomes (30–100 nm vesicles) play a major role in intercellular
communication due to their ability to transfer proteins and nucleic acids from one cell to …

Introduction: Macrophages are the most versatile cells in the hematopoietic system and are
strategically distributed in tissues to fight pathogens or other foreign particles. In the lung …

Nowadays, nanotechnology-based modulation of the immune system is presented as a
cutting-edge strategy, which may lead to significant improvements in the treatment of severe …

The purpose of this study was to modulate macrophage polarity from the pro-inflammatory
M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype using plasmid DNA (pDNA) expressing interleukin-4 …

Pulmonary drug delivery has the advantages of being rapid, efficient, and well-targeted, with
few systemic side effects. In addition, it is non-invasive and has good patient compliance …

Dasatinib (DAS) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by retrieving the balance between
inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines secreted by macrophages. The aim of this …

Highlights•Macrophage activation is best described by a multi-dimensional model.•Targeting
macrophages specifically requires a multi-modal approach.•Macrophage reprogramming …