The TGF-β regulatory system plays crucial roles in the preservation of organismal integrity.
TGF-β signaling controls metazoan embryo development, tissue homeostasis, and injury …

Transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1) is inextricably linked to regulatory T cell (Treg)
biology. However, precisely untangling the role for TGF-β1 in Treg differentiation and …

The cornea is a specialized, transparent, avascular, immune-privileged, and heavily
innervated tissue that affords 2/3rd of refraction to the eye. Ocular injuries, infections, and …

Tumor growth and metastasis rely on tumor vascular network for the adequate supply of
oxygen and nutrients. Tumor angiogenesis relies on a highly complex program of growth …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and related growth factors are secreted pleiotropic
factors that play critical roles in embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating …

Abstract TGF-β 1–3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in
mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix …

Cartilage homeostasis is governed by articular chondrocytes via their ability to modulate
extracellular matrix production and degradation. In turn, chondrocyte activity is regulated by …

It is increasingly apparent that not only is a cure for the current worldwide diabetes epidemic
required, but also for its major complications, affecting both small and large blood vessels …

Chronic organ injury leads to fibrosis and eventually organ failure. Fibrosis is characterized
by excessive synthesis, remodeling, and contraction of extracellular matrix produced by …

Anti-angiogenic therapy is one of the promising strategies for many types of solid cancers.
Bevacizumab (Avastin), a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody of vascular …