The failure of animal models to predict therapeutic responses in humans is a major problem
that also brings into question their use for basic research. Organ-on-a-chip (organ chip) …

Abstract Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are systems containing engineered or natural miniature
tissues grown inside microfluidic chips. To better mimic human physiology, the chips are …

Ninety percent of clinical drug development fails despite implementation of many successful
strategies, which raised the question whether certain aspects in target validation and drug …

Engineered tissues can be used to model human pathophysiology and test the efficacy and
safety of drugs. Yet, to model whole-body physiology and systemic diseases, engineered …

The rapid repurposing of antivirals is particularly pressing during pandemics. However,
rapid assays for assessing candidate drugs typically involve in vitro screens and cell lines …

The pharmaceutical industry has been desperately searching for efficient drug discovery
methods. Organ-on-a-Chip, a cutting-edge technology that can emulate the physiological …

Functional precision medicine is a strategy whereby live tumor cells from affected individuals
are directly perturbed with drugs to provide immediately translatable, personalized …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technologies, such as organoids, are
physiologically relevant models for basic and clinical applications. Automated microfluidics …

Multiorgan-on-a-chip (multi-OoC) platforms have great potential to redefine the way in which
human health research is conducted. After briefly reviewing the need for comprehensive …

For the past century, experimental data obtained from animal studies have been required by
reviewers of scientific articles and grant applications to validate the physiological relevance …