Recent global temperature reconstructions for the current interglacial period (the Holocene,
beginning 11,700 years ago) have generated contrasting trends. This Review examines …

A large scholarship currently holds that before the onset of anthropogenic global warming,
natural climatic changes long provoked subsistence crises and, occasionally, civilizational …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

过去2000 年是国际过去全球变化计划聚焦的一个主要时段, 并专门设立了" 过去2000
年全球变化网络"(PAGES2k) 进行全球集成研究. 本文依据PAGES2k 及相关团队发表的主要 …

Working Group I (WGI) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assesses
the current evidence on the physical science of climate change, evaluating knowledge …

An extensive new multi-proxy database of paleo-temperature time series (Temperature 12k)
enables a more robust analysis of global mean surface temperature (GMST) and associated …

Fossil pollen records are well-established indicators of past vegetation changes. The
prevalence of pollen across environmental settings including lakes, wetlands, and marine …

Earth's climate history is often understood by breaking it down into constituent climatic
epochs 1. Over the Common Era (the past 2,000 years) these epochs, such as the Little Ice …

A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into
the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of …

Multidecadal surface temperature changes may be forced by natural as well as
anthropogenic factors, or arise unforced from the climate system. Distinguishing these …