Genetic variation between individuals is essential to evolution and adaptation. However,
intra-organismic genetic variation also shapes the life histories of many organisms, including …

Heritable symbioses, in which endosymbiotic bacteria (EB) are transmitted vertically
between host generations, are an important source of evolutionary novelties. A primary …

Heterokaryosis is an integral part of the parasexual cycle used by predominantly asexual
fungi to introduce and maintain genetic variation in populations. Research into fungal …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses occur between fungi and the majority of plant species.
They are important for plant nutrition, plant growth, protection from pathogens, plant …

Background A conventional tenet of classical genetics is that progeny inherit half their
genome from each parent in sexual reproduction instead of the complete genome …

Morphological characters and nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) phylogenies have so far been
the basis of the current classifications of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Improved …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread obligate root symbionts that assist
plants in obtaining nutrients and protection against environmental stresses. In the model …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant root symbionts that continuously carry
thousands of nuclei in their spores and hyphae. This unique cellular biology raises …

Analyses of the structure and function of microbial communities are highly constrained by
the diversity of organisms present within most environmental samples. A common approach …

Reproduction is a fundamental feature of life, it is the way life persists across the ages. This
book offers new, wider vistas on this fundamental biological phenomenon, exploring how it …