The genetic adaptation of pathogens in host tissue plays a key role in the establishment of
chronic infections. While whole genome sequencing has opened up the analysis of genetic …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-sized proteoliposomes discharged from the cell
envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. OMVs normally contain toxins, enzymes and other …

Human α-defensin 5 (HD5) is a 32-residue cysteine-rich host-defense peptide that exhibits
broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and contributes to innate immunity in the human gut …

Biogenesis of the outer membrane (OM) in Gram‐negative bacteria, which is essential for
viability, requires the coordinated transport and assembly of proteins and lipids, including …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical, nano-sized particles of bilayer lipid
structure secreted by Gram-negative bacteria. They contain a series of cargos from bacteria …

Background Multiple studies have established the importance of the tol‐pal gene cluster in
bacterial cell membrane integrity and outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation in …

Bacteria glide across solid surfaces by mechanisms that have remained largely mysterious
despite decades of research. In the deltaproteobacterium Myxococcus xanthus, this …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical bilayered nanoparticles derived from the
outer layer of Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria communicate with nearby bacteria, their …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are naturally released from Gram-negative bacteria and
play important roles in various biological functions. Released vesicles are not uniform in …

During cell division, gram-negative bacteria must coordinate inner-membrane invagination,
peptidoglycan synthesis and cleavage and outer-membrane (OM) constriction. The OM …