We performed two-step multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the
mediating role of lifestyle factors in educational attainment (EA) and bone mineral density …

Purpose Modern science has given much attention to the treatment of obesity by activating
brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Recent studies …

Natural medicinal compounds to treat obesity have recently attracted a great deal of
attention because of the serious side effects of synthetic anti-obesity drugs. Recent …

Background Inconsistent associations between coffee consumption and bone mineral
density (BMD) have been observed in epidemiological studies. Moreover, the relationship of …

Alkaloids are a widespread group of secondary metabolites that occur naturally in a wide
range of plant families. Many of them exhibit significant biological activity and therefore have …

A simple and selective method for the determination of caffeine (CAF) and theophylline
(THEO) has been developed for a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a composite …

The alteration of the intestinal barrier function is currently believed to be involved in the
pathogenesis of gut diseases mainly associated with the activation of inflammation …

As caffeine consumption continues to increase, both positive and negative effects are
becoming evident. Caffeine directly affects the cardiovascular system, including heart …

Background Antioxidant properties have been recently suggested for caffeine that seems
showing protective effects against damages caused by oxidative stress. In particular, a …

Natural methylxanthines, caffeine, theophylline and theobromine, are widespread
biologically active alkaloids in human nutrition, found mainly in beverages (coffee, tea …