Some infectious or malignant diseases such as cancers are seriously threatening the health
of human beings all over the world. The commonly used antibiotic therapy cannot effectively …

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on cancer cells engages with programmed cell death-1
(PD-1) on immune cells, contributing to cancer immune escape. For multiple cancer types …

Cancer immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy,
manipulate the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. These therapies have …

Cancer immunotherapy works by stimulating and strengthening the body's anti-tumor
immune response to eliminate cancer cells. Over the past few decades, immunotherapy has …

Importance Programmed cell death (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)
inhibitors have been increasingly used in cancer therapy. Understanding the treatment …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor in the digestive system whose incidence and
mortality is high-ranking among tumors worldwide. The initiation and progression of CRC is …

Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) is a
negative modulatory signaling pathway for activation of T cell. It is acknowledged that PD …

Cancer immunotherapies that engage immune cells to fight against tumors are proving to be
powerful weapons in combating cancer and are becoming increasingly utilized in the clinics …

Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest health burdens worldwide,
few drugs are available for its clinical treatment. However, in recent years, major …

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) activates host's anti-tumor immune response by blocking
negative regulatory immune signals. A series of clinical trials showed that ICI could …