The discovery of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone with important effects
on glycemic control and body weight regulation, led to efforts to extend its half-life and make …

To date, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent liver disease,
affecting up to 70% of patients with diabetes. Currently, there are no specific drugs available …

Glucose homeostasis, regulated by glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP),
glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon (GCG) is critical to human health. Several …

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, including empagliflozin, dapagliflozin,
and canagliflozin, are now widely approved antihyperglycemic therapies. Because of their …

The recent epidemics of metabolic diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), liver lipid
disorders and metabolic syndrome have largely been attributed to genetic background and …

Nearly half of Americans are projected to have obesity by 2030, underscoring the pressing
need for effective treatments. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) …

The discovery of leptin was intrinsically associated with its ability to regulate body weight.
However, the effects of leptin are more far-reaching and include profound glucose-lowering …

The evolution of glucagon has seen the transition from an impurity in the preparation of
insulin to the development of glucagon receptor agonists for use in type 1 diabetes. In type 2 …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a systematic multi‐organ metabolic disease, which is
characterized by the dynamic interplay among different organs. The increasing incidence of …

Hepatic glucose release into the circulation is vital for brain function and survival during
periods of fasting and is modulated by an array of hormones that precisely regulate plasma …