A link between oxidative stress and hypertension has been firmly established in multiple
animal models of hypertension but remains elusive in humans. While initial studies focused …

Studies show that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has an important impact on health in
general. In response to environmental demands, homeostatic processes are often …

Endothelial dysfunction is one of the initial steps in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and
development of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Several risk …

The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by
releasing vasodilator substances. The best‐characterized endothelium‐derived relaxing …

Elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense systems have
been recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Compared with normal cells …

In various diseases, there is an increased production of the free radicals needed to carry out
certain physiological processes but their excessive amounts can cause oxidative stress and …

Endothelial cells control vascular tone by releasing nitric oxide (NO) produced by
endothelial NO synthase. The activity of endothelial NO synthase is modulated by the …

Background Diabetes has emerged as a major threat to health worldwide. Scope of Review
The exact mechanisms underlying the disease are unknown; however, there is growing …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that begins with a loss of tolerance to
modified self-antigens and immune system abnormalities, eventually leading to synovitis …

Diabetic neuropathy, with its major clinical sequels, notably neuropathic pain, foot ulcers,
and autonomic dysfunction, is associated with substantial morbidity, increased risk of …