The relevance of direct inflammatory signals (signal 3) for the activation of memory CD8+ T
cells during recall responses is so far unknown. We therefore investigated the direct impact …

Repetitive Ag encounter, coupled with dynamic changes in Ag density and inflammation,
imparts phenotypic and functional heterogeneity to memory virus-specific CD8 T cells in …

CD8+ T cells activated without CD4+ T-cell help are impaired in memory expansion. To
understand the underlying cellular mechanism, here we track the dynamics of helper …

Factors that govern the complex formation of memory T cells are not completely understood.
A better understanding of the development of memory T cell heterogeneity is however …

CD8 T cells are an important part of the adaptive immune system providing protection
against intracellular bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. After infection and/or vaccination …

Generation and maintenance of high quantity and quality memory CD8+ T cells determine
the level of protection from viral, bacterial, and parasitic re-infections, and hence constitutes …

Currently approved adjuvants induce protective Ab responses but are more limited for
generating cellular immunity. In this study, we assessed the effect of combining two …

The present study compared lymphocyte and T memory subsets in currently untreated
patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) to …

Listeria monocytogenes infection induces a strong inflammatory response characterized by
the production of IL-12 and IFN-γ and protective immunity against this pathogen is …

Memory CD8 T cells play an important role in the protection against breakthrough infections
with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Whether the route of …