Purpose of review The purine nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released into
extracellular spaces as extracellular ATP (eATP) as a consequence of cell injury or death …

Despite much progress in improving graft outcome during cardiac transplantation, chronic
allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remains an impediment to long-term graft survival. MicroRNAs …

Detrimental inflammatory responses after solid organ transplantation are initiated when
immune cells sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and certain damage …

The P2X7 purinergic receptor, a calcium permeable cationic channel, is activated by
extracellular ATP. Most studies show that P2X7 receptor plays an important role in the …

Purinergic receptor-7 (P2X7R) signaling controls Th17 and Th1 generation/differentiation,
while NOD-like receptor P3 (NLRP3) acts as a Th2 transcriptional factor. Here, we …

The activation of innate immunity following transplantation has been identified as a crucial
factor in allograft inflammation and rejection. However, the role of cyclic guanosine …

Extracellular (e) ATP, a potent proinflammatory molecule, is released by dying/damaged
cells at the site of inflammation and is degraded by the membrane ectonucleotidases CD39 …

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common inherited muscle disorder that
causes severe disability and death of young men. This disease is characterized by …

Background: Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative
therapy for blood cancers; but results in the development of graft-versus-host disease …

The success of corneal transplantation is limited by allograft rejection, but the pathogenic
mechanisms of this disease remain poorly defined. In this study, we showed that the NOD …