Mitochondria are heterogeneous and highly dynamic organelles, playing critical roles in
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, metabolic modulation, reactive oxygen species …

Cancer is characterized by increased oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive
oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. Enhanced ROS accumulation, as a result of …

Although immunotherapy such as immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown promising
efficacy in cancer treatment, the responsiveness among patients is relatively limited …

Acute cadmium (Cd) exposure is a significant risk factor for renal injury and lacks effective
treatment strategies. Ferroptosis is a recently identified iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic …

Background Microglial-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in vascular
dementia, and modulating neuroinflammation has emerged as a promising treatment target …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a low‐grade inflammatory and progressive joint disease, and its
progression is closely associated with an imbalance in M1/M2 synovial macrophages …

Although there has been technical and pharmacological progress in kidney transplant
medicine, some patients may experience acute post-transplant complications. Among the …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) perform vital functions in numerous life processes and
significantly affect physiological activities in different organ systems in the human body …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are interconnected conditions,
and CKD is projected to become the fifth leading global cause of death by 2040. New …

Acute kidney injuries (AKI) have serious short-term or long-term complications with high
morbidity and mortality rate, thus posing great health threats. Developing high-performance …