Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a specialized ecosystem of host components, designed
by tumor cells for successful development and metastasis of tumor. With the advent of 3D …

Immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade induces rapid and durable immune control of
cancer in some patients and has driven a monumental shift in cancer treatment. Neoantigen …

Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, with a very poor
prognosis and high mortality rates. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most common …

The risks of tumor recurrence following the successful resection of the primary tumor have
been known for decades; however, the precise mechanisms underlying treatment failures …

Gastric cancer's bad incidence, prognosis, cellular and molecular heterogeneity amongst
others make this disease a major health issue worldwide. Understanding this affliction is a …

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells circulating throughout the
bloodstream and are often considered the frontline defenders in innate immunity. However …

There is a lack of useful biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of anti–programmed death-1
(PD-1) therapy for advanced gastric and colorectal cancer. To address this issue, in this …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognised as a pivotal player in cell-cell
communication, an attribute of EVs that derives from their ability to transport bioactive …

Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis, and current therapeutic strategies are
ineffective in advanced diseases. We and others have shown the aberrant expression of …

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and its incidence and mortality are
rapidly increasing worldwide. The dynamic interaction of immune cells and tumor cells …