Vaccination affords protection from disease by activating pathogen-specific immune cells
and facilitating the development of persistent immunologic memory toward the vaccine …

Liposomes are widely utilized as a carrier to improve therapeutic efficacy of agents thanks to
their merits of high loading capacity, targeting delivery, reliable protection of agents, good …

Programmed cell death protein (PD-1) and its ligands play a fundamental role in the evasion
of tumor cells from antitumor immunity. Less well appreciated is the fact that the PD-1/PD-L1 …

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Financial Times Best Book of the Year• One of Nature's best science picks• One of …

Polysaccharides purified from natural herbs possess immunoregulatory functions, while the
efficacy of natural polysaccharides on cancer treatment remains unreliable, likely due to …

Repeated Plasmodium falciparum infections drive the development of clinical immunity to
malaria in humans; however, the immunological mechanisms that underpin this response …

Adoptive transfer of naturally occurring or genetically engineered T cells is an effective
treatment for certain haematological malignancies, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma and …

CD8+ T cells are essential lymphocytes with cytotoxic properties for antitumor
immunotherapy. However, during chronic infection or tumorigenesis, these cells often …

Immune sensing of exogenous molecules from microbes (eg, pathogen-associated
molecular patterns) and nonmicrobial molecules (eg, asbestos, alum, and silica), as well as …

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder affecting approximately 3% of
the population in the United States. This disease has a female predilection and affects …