Heart valves serve a vital hemodynamic function to ensure unidirectional blood flow.
Additionally, native heart valves serve biological functions such as growth and self‐repair …

Background The treatment of babies with unrepairable heart valve dysfunction remains an
unsolved problem because there are no growing heart valve implants. However, orthotopic …

Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defects in humans and
frequently involve heart valve dysfunction. The current treatment for unrepairable heart …

Experimental infections with different pathogen strains give insight into pathogen life history
traits. The purpose of the present study was to compare variation in tissue infection …

Unrepairable congenital heart valve disease is an unsolved problem in pediatric cardiac
surgery because there are no growing heart valve implants. Partial heart transplantation is a …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibody antagonists, which can block
cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed death-1/ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) …

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte has been a concern for the etiopathogenesis of alopecia areata
(AA), some recent evidence suggests that the regulatory T (Treg) cell deficiency is also a …

Many young adults require heart valve replacements. Current options for valve replacement
in adults include mechanical valves, bioprosthetic valves, or the Ross procedure. Of these …

A transgenic strain of pigs was created to express green fluorescent protein (GFP)
ubiquitously using a pCAGG promoter. Here, we characterize GFP expression in the …

Although allogenic meniscus grafting can be immunologically safe, it causes immune
rejection due to an imbalanced tissue supply between donor and recipient. Pigs are …