Excitotoxicity is a phenomenon that describes the toxic actions of excitatory
neurotransmitters, primarily glutamate, where the exacerbated or prolonged activation of …

Caffeine is the most widely consumed centralnervous-system stimulant. Three main
mechanisms of action of caffeine on the central nervous system have been described …

This review is focused on purinergic neurotransmission, ie, ATP released from nerves as a
transmitter or cotransmitter to act as an extracellular signaling molecule on both pre-and …

3.3. Electrophysiological basis of tonic firing in thalamic relay neurons 3.4. High frequency
(30-50 Hz) rhythms in thalamic neurons 3.5. Functional consequences of …

Purinergic neurotransmission, involving release of ATP as an efferent neurotransmitter was
first proposed in 1972. Later, ATP was recognised as a cotransmitter in peripheral nerves …

A. Cellular and Subcellular Localization B. Pharmacological Tools to Study Adenosine
Receptors C. Signaling Via Adenosine Receptors D. Regulation of Receptor Expression and …

A dietary therapy for pediatric epilepsy known as the ketogenic diet has seen a revival in its
clinical use during the past decade. Although the underlying mechanism of the diet remains …

Adenosine is a neuromodulator that operates via the most abundant inhibitory adenosine A
1 receptors (A 1 Rs) and the less abundant, but widespread, facilitatory A 2A Rs. It is …

This review addresses three principal questions about adenosine and sleep–wake
regulation:(1) Is adenosine an endogenous sleep factor?(2) Are there specific brain regions …

Adenosine is a potent inhibitory neuromodulator and has been proposed as an endogenous
anticonvulsant. Depth electrodes modified to include a microdialysis probe were implanted …