Abstract The Na–K–2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 and the neuron-specific K–Cl cotransporter
KCC2 are considered attractive CNS drug targets because altered neuronal chloride …

Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized
by nephrotic-range proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and oedema, which manifest in utero or …

Cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) NKCC1 and NKCC2 catalyze electroneutral symport
of 1 Na+, 1 K+, and 2 Cl− across cell membranes. NKCC1 mediates trans-epithelial Cl …

Aminoglycosides (AGs) are commonly used antibiotics that cause deafness through the
irreversible loss of cochlear sensory hair cells (HCs). How AGs enter the cochlea and then …

While inner ear disorders are common, our ability to intervene and recover their sensory
function is limited. In vitro models of the inner ear, like the organoid system, could aid in …

The stria vascularis (SV) is a highly vascularized tissue lining the lateral wall of the cochlea.
The SV maintains cochlear fluid homeostasis, generating the endocochlear potential that is …

Despite significant advances in the development of therapeutics for hearing loss, drug
delivery to the middle and inner ear remains a challenge. As conventional oral or …

Therapeutics discovery and development for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been an area of
intense research to alleviate memory loss and the underlying pathogenic processes. Recent …

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the worldwide population is currently
estimated between 11% and 13%. Adequate renal clearance is compromised in these …

Aminoglycosides are potent antibiotics that are commonly prescribed worldwide. Their use
carries significant risks of ototoxicity by directly causing inner ear hair cell degeneration …