The concept of a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is well established. Here, we
review the evidence base and methods used to define MCIDs as well as their strengths and …

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is effective in reducing symptoms and improving health status,
and exercise tolerance of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The …

Background Treatment guidelines recommend the use of inhaled long-acting
bronchodilators to alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of exacerbations in patients with …

Abstract The Finnish Medical Society Duodecim initiated and managed the update of the
Finnish national guideline for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The Finnish …

The main complaint of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is
shortness of breath with exercise, that is usually progressive. The principal mechanism that …

Introduction QVA149 is a novel, inhaled, once-daily dual bronchodilator containing a fixed-
dose combination of the long-acting β 2-agonist indacaterol and the long-acting muscarinic …

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), worsening expiratory flow limitation
together with alteration in the elastic properties of the lung are associated with progressive …

For more than 50 years, small airways disease has been considered a key feature of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a major cause of airway obstruction. Both …

The Phase IV, 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled ACTIVATE study
(NCT2424344) evaluated the effect of aclidinium/formoterol (AB/FF) 400/12 μg twice daily on …

Background The ability to exercise is an important clinical outcome in COPD, and the
improvement in exercise capacity is recognized to be an important goal in the management …