Multidrug resistant bacteria are a global threat for human and animal health. However, they
are only part of the problem of antibiotic failure. Another bacterial strategy that contributes to …

SUMMARY β-Lactam antibiotics have been widely used as therapeutic agents for the past
70 years, resulting in emergence of an abundance of β-lactam-inactivating β-lactamases …

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major problems in current practical medicine. The
spread of genes coding for resistance determinants among bacteria challenges the use of …

Carbapenem antibiotics are the most effective antimicrobials for the treatment of infections
caused by the most resistant bacteria. They belong to the category of β-lactams that include …

Along with the recent spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, outbreaks of extended-spectrum
β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing bacteria present a serious challenge to …

Carbapenem resistance, mainly among Gram-negative pathogens, is an ongoing public-
health problem of global dimensions. This type of antimicrobial resistance, especially when …

Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 emerged in
the 2000s as important human pathogens, have spread extensively throughout the world …

Carbapenemases are β-lactamases belonging to different Ambler classes (A, B, D) and can
be encoded by both chromosomal and plasmid-mediated genes. These enzymes represent …

Antibiotic resistance has increased markedly in gram-negative bacteria over the last two
decades, and in many cases has been associated with increased mortality and healthcare …

Carbapenems, our one-time silver bullet for multidrug resistant bacterial infections, are now
threatened by widespread dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae …