Metabolic reprogramming has been widely recognized as a hallmark of malignancy. The
uptake and metabolism of amino acids are aberrantly upregulated in many cancers that …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor in the digestive system whose incidence and
mortality is high-ranking among tumors worldwide. The initiation and progression of CRC is …

Amino acid metabolism is a critical regulator of the immune response, and its modulating
becomes a promising approach in various forms of immunotherapy. Insufficient …

Methylation of arginine residues by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) is involved
in the regulation of fundamental cellular processes, including transcription, RNA processing …

Macrophages phagocytize pathogens to initiate innate immunity and products from the
tumor microenvironment (TME) to mediate tumor immunity. The loss of tumor-associated …

Nitric oxide and its production by iNOS is an established mechanism critical to tumor
promotion or suppression. Macrophages have important roles in immunity, development …

Metabolism reprogramming is critical for both cancer progression and effective immune
responses in the tumor microenvironment. Amino acid metabolism in different cells and their …

Background Myeloid cells are an abundant leukocyte in many types of tumors and contribute
to immune evasion. Expression of the enzyme arginase 1 (Arg1) is a defining feature of …

While metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells has long been considered from the
standpoint of how and why cancer cells preferentially utilize glucose via aerobic glycolysis …

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) or programmed death-1 (PD-
1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)–based immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have led …