The perspectives of regenerative medicine are still severely hampered by the host response
to biomaterial implantation, despite the robustness of technologies that hold the promise to …

Central nervous system (CNS) innate immunity plays essential roles in infections,
neurodegenerative diseases, and brain or spinal cord injuries. Astrocytes and microglia are …

The immune system plays a central role in tissue repair and regeneration. Indeed, the
immune response to tissue injury is crucial in determining the speed and the outcome of the …

This review attempts to cover the implication of the toll-like receptors (TLRs) in controlling
immune functions with emphasis on their significance, function, regulation and expression …

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are conserved molecules whose main role is to facilitate folding
of other proteins. Most Hsps are generally stress-inducible as they play a particularly …

Fever is a cardinal response to infection that has been conserved in warm-blooded and cold-
blooded vertebrates for more than 600 million years of evolution. The fever response is …

High blood pressure is present in more than one billion adults worldwide and is the most
important modifiable risk factor of death resulting from cardiovascular disease. While many …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. However, the development of
preventative therapies for AF has been disappointing. The infiltration of immune cells and …

The 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70s) are abundantly present in cancer, providing
malignant cells selective advantage by suppressing multiple apoptotic pathways, regulating …

Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) belongs to the family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).
They are highly conserved receptors that recognize conserved pathogen‐associated …