Microneedle, as a novel drug delivery system, has attracted widespread attention due to its
non-invasiveness, painless and simple administration, controllable drug delivery, and …

Skin infections caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi are difficult to treat by conventional
topical administration because of poor drug penetration across the stratum corneum. This …

The concerns about the accumulating plastic waste pollution have stimulated the rapid
development of bioplastics, in particular biodegradable bioplastics derived from renewable …

Abstract The three-dimensional (3D) printing and its extension four-dimensional (4D)
printing technique show great promise for advanced additive manufacturing of functional …

Diabetes, a metabolic disorder of glucose, is a serious chronic disease and an important
public health problem. Insulin is one of the hormones for modulating blood glucose level …

A coated microneedle array comprises sharp micrometer-sized needle shafts attached to a
base substrate and coated with a drug on their surfaces. Coated microneedles are under …

Inkjet printing (IJP) is an additive manufacturing process that selectively deposits ink
materials, layer‐by‐layer, to create 3D objects or 2D patterns with precise control over their …

Transdermal microneedle patches have attracted significant attention in the medical arena
over the last decade as alternatives to traditional drug delivery methods. Microneedle …

Poorly soluble drugs constitute more than 60% of currently marketed pharmaceuticals with
over two‐thirds of promising new chemical entities failing to enter a clinical setting due to …

Since the first patent for microneedles was filed in the 1970s, research on utilising
microneedles as a drug delivery system has progressed significantly. In addition to the …